It is true that when people
engage in quest for knowledge, the inquiries are likely based on certain
assumption about those tests of hypotheses contradicting with other reasonably
somewhat agreeable varieties of syntactic constructions to which people in
general are acquainted.
I have a few quick comments to add for CAIFU, while that I like to write something is no doubt the first and
am familiar with the literature at the same time is the other, but as you may
well see as well that all the posters are likely of being older folks with many
years of language and linguistics writings regardless of the posters trying
pretends to be of being non-identical, I tend to think that people do see this
sort of forensic phenomenon elsewhere also when people encounters each other
with the curiosity for making judgment upon someone as to if one is able to
read and write certain things or for
what one is possibly being able.
No doubt however that without
having such a basis infrastructure for a language investigation, it is easily
to err with the a priori assumptions just as John Locke’s contention “the mind
perceives the truth as the eye doth the light, only by being directed toward to
it” in this illustrates.
Agreeably, certain
concepts are better explained if they are written in language specific way like
in politics, philosophy, linguistics, or plain and normal etc as certain
concepts can be easily written along certain subjects just as they can be easily
read if they are written only within certain subjects.
CAIFR is indeed an interesting yet a bit tricky concept in comparative
linguistics crosslinguistically. So I decided to add some more comments in
philosophy as it is much easier to write for a much better elaboration that way.
My comments are in blue here for certain concepts selected shown in bold face in particular and for a few comments taken form the WP post ‘CAIFRCL’ in general:
My comments are in blue here for certain concepts selected shown in bold face in particular and for a few comments taken form the WP post ‘CAIFRCL’ in general:
Comment-1: In languages that have fused relatives where the relative words inflect for case, how does case assignment generally work? For example, I found a source that says in German, if the matrix and relative clauses assign the same case (or two different cases where there is syncretism), then use that inflection, otherwise look at the two cases assigned according to this order: Nominative - Accusative - Dative - Genitive. If the relative clause assigns the case farther to the right, that case wins, but if the matrix clause assigns the case farther to the right, the construction is syntactically blocked. In English, there seem to be two camps: those who say the relative clause always governs, and those who say that conflict blocks the construction entirely in formal style (though informal style can always use "whoever", of course). So my question is a little open ended: is what I said above correct for German? What is the data for for English? (I understand there probably isn't a clear answer for English due to the moribund status of "whomever", but a survey of variation in actual usage should still be possible.) What was the rule in Latin? In Old English? In other languages where this issue arises? 2601:645:8101:54AA:B4AF:9577:4284:3EC7 (talk) 01:57, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
Comment-2: What I meant was that I'm aware that the rule of agreement being controlled by the matrix clause is one of the common prescriptive positions. However my issue with that is that it is based on a theory of the proper analysis that says the function of the relative construction in the matrix clause is irrelevant, and importantly, this analysis is not reached based on the usage data but based on the assumption that there can be only one verb controlling the case. In all the languages other than English where this type of construction exists that have been discussed here, both verbs impose constraints on the case and the construction may be blocked entirely (requiring an overt head noun "anyone who(m)" instead of who(m)ever) in at least some cases of conflict. It's possible English is unique in that the matrix verb imposes no constraints at all, but I'm not aware that this position is well-supported by the data. My understanding is that there is great variation in prose even if we limit ourselves to the most respected authors. That is, actual usage is something of a mess here. I also may have overstated my lack of interest in English. To the extent the data of English usage is consistent, it is worth mentioning, I just don't expect that it will be consistent enough for a clear rule to emerge. I would be interested to know if there is statistical evidence that case-conflict is or is not typically avoided by rephrasing or alternation to non-fused relatives, but I understand such evidence would be a lot of work to produce. 166.170.38.79 (talk) 18:58, 10 August 2015 (UTC)
Nevill Fernando: The difficulty is only the verification principles in which to support or to reject seemingly somewhat reasonable empirical propositions that are of real in some cases and ideal in other, at least to English in particulars, and perhaps to many other varieties, including German, although they are crosslinguistically not so permitted for the exact productions in their formal languages as in English. For example, in sentences like these where sentence 1) is to be extracted for ‘anyone to whom in question’ whereas the sentence 2) is to be extracted for ‘anyone to whom it is necessitated’:
1) Extra money will be given to whomever; only if such an act proves to be necessary so doing.
2) Extra money will be given to whomever, but if and only if such an act would prove to be necessitated by the fact so doing.
A good illustration of the most controversial English deposit of the idealist account in this is the work of Berkeley, briefly on the ground on which Berkeley held that no material thing could exists unperceived are these, although Berkeley was mistaken for his belief on ‘sense-contents outer’ (‘the idea of sensation’) with the school of idealism for its justification. He persuaded that a thing is nothing more than the sum of its sensible quality in question and that denied that it is self-contrary to assert that there sensible quality exists undesired.
Accordingly we may also conclude that the substitution of ‘whoever’ here would only produce erroneous propositions just as substitution of ‘anyone’ would produce a non-monotonous proposition in sentence 1) or the embodiment of alignment against the humdrum error yet the syncretism only for pronoun in dative rather than in accusative in sentence 2) as if it is matrix clause to determine the case, although sense-content of the matrix in sentence 2), for example, is only in the subject complement position to take reasonable sense contents.
Yet within schools of idealism and realism to sort out Berkeley’s idea of relationship between material things and sense contents, this take is perhaps not exactly accurate, but him supposing that what is immediately given in sensation accords introspective sensation of material things does in fact create doubts on the assumptions that matrix verb imposes no constraint at all on case assignment. Apparently It does and doesn’t, as in sentence 1) and 2) accordingly.
Comment-3: In formal English grammar, they way we learn it from a book, the matrix clause verb really has no impact on the case in the relative clause. I would have no way to know how unique that really is. StevenJ81 (talk) 19:31, 10 August 2015 (UTC)
Nevill Fernando: Except cases where fused relatives take complements via other routes other than RCL route, although they are deducible form RCL principles. The objects are however not governed only within accusative principles. Then it is say that the preposition in which RCL takes complement is one issue and the nature of the verb quality is the other.
Comment-4: I'm not sure that OP is right that there is no native intuition (or at least school instruction) in such matters. In OP's original case, I was taught very clearly that the correct answer would be "I will tell whoever asks." We did a lot of sentence diagramming in my high school freshman English class. For the purpose of selecting the correct pronoun there, the choice would be governed by the pronoun's position in the clause where it actually lives, which would be apparent from the diagram. The fact that the subordinate clause has the role of object in the main clause would be irrelevant to that. StevenJ81 (talk) 14:57, 10 August 2015 (UTC)
Nevill Fernando: It does, disciples to such an extent to serve as an object, but the assertion is still correct. For example:1) Ron reads whatever needed.
2) Ron likes whatever Mary cooks.
In 1), yes; in 2), no. ‘Yes’ in the sense is that the subordinate clause only serves as the determiner to posterior participle ’needed’—has no role. An equivalent metaphrase would be ‘anything that are necessary, but it is in here just a pronoun—subject to nil case modification by RCL. That is, ‘objective’—objective role of its matrix.
Comment-5: A "true" case of blocking of a fused relative for case reasons in English would be difficult to find. In Standard Modern English, "who(m)ever" is the only word that both can have a fused relative function and inflects for case. And "whoever" is almost always acceptable in informal style, so blocking in the formal register would typically take the form of an informal-style "whoever" (or rephrasing) being mandatory. The only "evidence" of a blocked whomever would be one that sounds especially stilted, but usage of "who" is random enough that I would say it's more a matter of some usages being more common than others. In a brief comb over some examples it does seem to me like case-conflicting examples are a bit more rare than case-matching examples in pie es that make full use of "whom", though that could be explained for reasons other than "partial" blocking. In general, pied-piping is the only situation that rules out "who" in all registers (which is really just the result of a style conflict - pied-piping doesn't usually occur in informal style), but preposition-fronting isn't an option in fused relatives regardless of case issues, so it would be hard to construct a real blocking situation. 166.170.38.79 (talk) 23:30, 10 August 2015 (UTC)
Nevill Fernando: In general and when only the case is determined by its relativity but the number is determined by its subject, it is blocked outright. However where cases in which matrix impose no constrain at all, the situation differs. For example:
1) The employment will be given to whomever person the comity will select.
‘Whoever’ seems illogical in this place and it is not that subordinate to have applied the case. It is indeed of matrix for a reason. However I take it with some doubts as to if it is even possible, but our logic doesn’t seem to prohibit either.
Comment-6: School instruction isn't native intuition. I'm interested in a descriptive account in languages where case-marking in these situations is governed by syntactic constraints even in colloquial speech, so English isn't really relevant. The account that you were taught in school is problematic because it fails to explain how the verb number is syntactically controlled by the relative phrase (not just selected according to semantic factors), it fails to explain why preposition fronting is ungrammatical in fused relatives, and it fails to explain why fused relatives can appear as non-extraposed subjects in post-auxiliary position. 166.170.38.79 (talk) 16:18, 10 August 2015 (UTC)
Nevill Fernando: They aren’t actually. For example:
1) Donations are accepted here in favor of whomever the senders wish to send.
Thus, ‘Preposition fronting fused relatives' is in fact reasonably logical, asserting eventually the points of intakes characters--namely, with the relative taking preposition as the pre-intake prior to complement the matrix as its very and only object as the one point and relative taking preposition as the intake prior to making itself available as the naked object is the other point.
I do not however disagree with the take that these empirical propositions are to be tested first by reasonable nativities for their certainties as I am not for such an intuition by nature other than to defend certain normative descriptions within which certain analyses make their points of uncertainties clear. Needless to say, however, that our analytical propositions on extraposed fuse relatives, due to their moribund status, are very much alike any other a priori propositions while that our genuine propositions taking either a preposition as its object or noun or pronoun for a complement as a modifier for post auxiliary position non-extraposed in fused RP.
My regular post: October 02
‘Writings should be language specific’ is not a good advocacy. Even though you didn’t say so exactly, this is what I come to understand as what you are saying. I don’t agree. I like to correct that as ‘writings should be user friendly’. People who believe that their writing can look better with fancy words than they suppose to is ‘smart ass’ approach. People don’t have time to look for words in dictionaries nor has everyone such a feature add in installed, although all the browsers now have one click dictionary lookup for reader habit. Readers shouldn’t be punished nor bored with fancy words. Readers would go fast usually and have no time to read a post for a few times. So the extra works with fancy words is waste of the time for writers. However, if you are targeting certain readers because you were somewhat tagged in their writings unjustly or if you are reviewing some literature where the writers are consisting of or expected to be of language specific personalities, writers approach to language specific writings is perhaps preferred. Must be agreed though however that if both approach are already annoyed, what leaves is just who says what and how, consisting with the very idea how good readers get their points without difficulties. Lowering writers ego in compensation with readers concession for their interests is the point.
ReplyDeleteI have this LangLing page as my browser Homepage, a pretty good page to browse whenever internet is available around, but I am disappointed with the quality and content of this post.